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Overview
Essential details：0100-71267 Main control board AMAT
In many people’s eyes, the main control board has a dense chip pins and PCB wiring, it looks very difficult. In fact, on the contrary, the design of the main control board has its own unique design rules. In fact, it is just like building blocks. Under the condition of meeting the minimum system of the single chip microcomputer, what functions are needed only need to add relative circuit modules, which can also be called modular design idea.
In this paper, I will introduce the design idea of robot main control board from three levels. They are:
Foundation, the design and principle of the most basic part of the main control board;
Branch, main control board function module expansion and design ideas;
Leaves, calculation of specific circuit parameters of functional modules in the main control board.
I’m going to take you through the joys of circuit design using the hierarchy of a big tree as a model.
foundation
Here is the foundation of the single chip microcomputer minimum system, is the single chip microcomputer can normally execute the program of the simplest working environment. Without these, the single chip is unable to run the program.
The minimum system consists of power circuit, clock circuit and reset circuit. Most chips have a minimum system that includes all three of these circuits, while some chips do not use an external clock and can use an internal RC oscillator to provide a clock reference for the program to run.
0100-20100
The power circuit of the foundation. Take STM32 series single chip microcomputer for example, its working voltage is 2.0V~3.6V, usually use 3.3V power supply.
Suppose we use a 5V power supply to power the circuit board, so we need to convert 5V to 3.3V to power the MCU. Considering the microcontroller needs to work in a low-ripple power supply environment, linear step-down power supply (LDO) is chosen here. Clear design purpose, the next need to carry out the scheme selection.
What needs to be done: Use the LDO chip to reduce the 5V voltage to 3.3V and meet the power requirements. There are many programs that can achieve these needs. Below I briefly list a few commonly used chips.
Chip maximum output current (ma) cost (yuan)
AMS1117-3.3 800 0.5
SPX3819M5-L-3-3 700 0.7
RT9193-33GB 300 0.4
SSP6206-33NR 300 0.16
… … …
Detailed analysis of the parameters in the table above shows that different chips have different maximum output currents. At this time, the maximum working current can be calculated according to the usage of internal resources of the single chip microcomputer (can be found in the manual of the single chip microcomputer), to select the scheme. After determining the maximum working current of the single chip microcomputer, it is necessary to expand 3 times to select the power chip.
At this point, the power chip scheme has been determined, but how to connect the circuit? How can you design to reduce interference? Typical application circuits are given in the first few pages of the chip manual as to how the circuits are connected. Here I take AMS1117-3.3 as an example.
The diagram below is from the chip manual for typical application circuit modules. Under normal circumstances, according to the data manual circuit connection, can be used normally. In order to improve the stability of the system, we can also modify the circuit slightly. For example, add magnetic beads to the power input port to suppress high-frequency interference signals on the power line. Filter decoupling capacitors are added to the input and output terminals to ensure the purity of the output power supply and the transient response capability.
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