Industrial machine refers to the machine that manufactures the machine, also known as the tool machine, which is commonly referred to as the machine tool, generally divided into metal cutting machine tools, forging machine tools and woodworking machine tools. It is widely used in traditional machinery industry, mold industry, automobile industry, electric power equipment, railway locomotive, shipbuilding, aerospace industry and other fields, and plays an important role in the construction of national economic modernization.

After long-term development, China’s machine tool industry has formed a complete machine tool industry system, and has realized the leap from the world’s first consumer power to the first producer power.

According to the differences in processing methods, the machine tool industry can be divided into four sub-industries, namely metal cutting machine tools, metal forming machine tools, machine tool accessories, and other machinery. Among them, the metal cutting machine tool industry has the largest economic scale and the most significant status in China’s machine tool industry. With the gradual deepening of intelligence, high-precision and high-efficiency CNC metal cutting machine tools have gradually become the mainstream of metal cutting machine tools, and have a wider range of adaptability than non-CNC metal cutting machine tools.

Industrial mother-machine industrial chain structure

The industrial mother-machine industry chain is clear in the middle and downstream, including upstream basic materials and parts manufacturers, midstream machine tool manufacturers and downstream end users.

The upstream industry chain provides basic materials and components for the machine tool industry, including mechanical structures, functional components, electrical components and numerical control systems. The middle reaches are bulk manufacturing, including metal cutting machine tools, metal forming machine tools, special processing machine tools, processing centers, etc. A wide range of downstream applications, including automobile manufacturing, aerospace, military, mold manufacturing, engineering machinery, 3C electronics, power equipment, ships and so on.

Upstream: Basic materials and components

From the upstream point of view, the major impact on the machine tool industry are steel, CNC systems and functional components. According to the data released by the China Machine Tool Industry Association, in the machine tool production process, the proportion of raw material costs is the highest, 73.9%. In the further separation of raw material costs, structural parts such as base bed made of castings account for the largest proportion, which is 30% to 40%, and the price is greatly affected by steel; Followed by CNC system accounted for 22%; The transmission system composed of transmission machinery such as lead screw, guide rail and auxiliary power system accounts for 20%; The drive system composed of high-speed spindle and motor accounted for 13%; Knife store, knife tower accounted for 5%; The grating scale accounts for 2%.

1. Casting

Machine tool base, bed and other basic large parts using castings, belong to the intermediate processing of finished products, the product price is mainly in the raw material pig iron and scrap on the basis of a certain processing fee.

The domestic foundry industry as a whole presents a large but not strong situation, the industry concentration is low, and it is still in the stage of full competition. Most domestic machine tool companies choose to outsource non-core processes such as rough processing and semi-finishing of castings and blanks, and a variety of special steel materials applied to high-end machine tool parts still need to be imported, and the heat treatment technology of basic materials still needs to be improved.

2. Numerical control system

Numerical control system is the “brain” of numerical control machine tool, and it is the core component of high technical content in numerical control machine tool. Numerical control system can be directly used for CNC machine tools, but also can be used for the original machine tool system upgrade and transformation, mainly including control device, drive device and detection device. At present, China’s large machine tool manufacturers mainly from Japan, Germany and other technologically mature countries and regions to purchase CNC systems.

Numerical control system industry specialized division of labor, high market concentration, China’s high-end numerical control system market is occupied by foreign enterprises. The global market is mainly monopolized by Japan Fanuc, Mitsubishi and Germany Siemens, Heidehan and other enterprises, and domestic high-end machine tool end customers also prefer foreign CNC system machine tool products in the choice of CNC system supporting products. At present, more than 70% of the domestic CNC machine tool CNC system uses imported products, and Huazhong CNC, Guangzhou CNC with low-end lathe CNC system among the forefront of the domestic market, especially Huazhong CNC accounts for a large market share, research and development investment, with strong development potential, by the industry’s wide attention.

3. Precision parts and functional parts

Precision parts mainly include spindle unit and lead screw, guide rail, bearing and other transmission parts, functional parts mainly include CNC rotary table, tool library, manipulator, gear box, milling head, tool holder and so on. At present, the domestic high-end machine tool precision parts and functional parts are mainly from Japan, Germany and other countries and regions, some purchased from domestic enterprises or homemade.

The upstream market is more mature, the supply is stable, but the development of the functional parts industry is relatively slow, although some parts have formed a certain scale of production, but most of them are used to meet the needs of middle and low grade machine tools, and the functional parts used by domestic high-end CNC machine tools rely on imports more seriously. The high-end CNC system is basically monopolized by Japan Fanuc, Germany Siemens, Japan Mitsubishi, Germany Heidehan and other enterprises. And optical machine, sheet metal and other machine tool parts have been more mature, mainly from the domestic procurement. Overall, CNC machine tool industry chain supporting still need to be further improved.